SpECTRE  v2022.05.05
domain::CoordinateMaps::CylindricalEndcap Class Reference

Map from 3D unit right cylinder to a volume that connects portions of two spherical surfaces. More...

#include <CylindricalEndcap.hpp>

Public Member Functions

CylindricalEndcap (const std::array< double, 3 > &center_one, const std::array< double, 3 > &center_two, const std::array< double, 3 > &proj_center, double radius_one, double radius_two, double z_plane)

CylindricalEndcap (CylindricalEndcap &&)=default

CylindricalEndcap (const CylindricalEndcap &)=default

CylindricalEndcapoperator= (const CylindricalEndcap &)=default

CylindricalEndcapoperator= (CylindricalEndcap &&)=default

template<typename T >
std::array< tt::remove_cvref_wrap_t< T >, 3 > operator() (const std::array< T, 3 > &source_coords) const

std::optional< std::array< double, 3 > > inverse (const std::array< double, 3 > &target_coords) const
The inverse function is only callable with doubles because the inverse might fail if called for a point out of range, and it is unclear what should happen if the inverse were to succeed for some points in a DataVector but fail for other points.

template<typename T >
tnsr::Ij< tt::remove_cvref_wrap_t< T >, 3, Frame::NoFramejacobian (const std::array< T, 3 > &source_coords) const

template<typename T >
tnsr::Ij< tt::remove_cvref_wrap_t< T >, 3, Frame::NoFrameinv_jacobian (const std::array< T, 3 > &source_coords) const

void pup (PUP::er &p)

Static Public Member Functions

static bool is_identity ()

Static Public Attributes

static constexpr size_t dim = 3

Friends

bool operator== (const CylindricalEndcap &lhs, const CylindricalEndcap &rhs)

Detailed Description

Map from 3D unit right cylinder to a volume that connects portions of two spherical surfaces.

A cylinder maps to the shaded region.

Details

Consider two spheres with centers $$C_1$$ and $$C_2$$, and radii $$R_1$$ and $$R_2$$. Let sphere 1 be intersected by a plane normal to the $$z$$ axis and located at $$z = z_\mathrm{P}$$. Also let there be a projection point $$P$$.

CylindricalEndcap maps a 3D unit right cylinder (with coordinates $$(\bar{x},\bar{y},\bar{z})$$ such that $$-1\leq\bar{z}\leq 1$$ and $$\bar{x}^2+\bar{y}^2 \leq 1$$) to the shaded area in the figure above (with coordinates $$(x,y,z)$$). The "bottom" of the cylinder $$\bar{z}=-1$$ is mapped to the portion of sphere 1 that has $$z \geq z_\mathrm{P}$$. Curves of constant $$(\bar{x},\bar{y})$$ are mapped to portions of lines that pass through $$P$$. Along each of these curves, $$\bar{z}=-1$$ is mapped to a point on sphere 1 and $$\bar{z}=+1$$ is mapped to a point on sphere 2.

Note that Sphere 1 and Sphere 2 are not equivalent, because the mapped portion of Sphere 1 is bounded by a plane of constant $$z$$ but the mapped portion of Sphere 2 is not (except for special choices of $$C_1$$, $$C_2$$, and $$P$$).

CylindricalEndcap is intended to be composed with Wedge<2> maps to construct a portion of a cylindrical domain for a binary system.

CylindricalEndcap is described briefly in the Appendix of [22]. CylindricalEndcap is used to construct the blocks labeled 'CA wedge', 'EA wedge', 'CB wedge', 'EE wedge', and 'EB wedge' in Figure 20 of that paper. Note that 'CA wedge', 'CB wedge', and 'EE wedge' have Sphere 1 contained in Sphere 2, and 'EA wedge' and 'EB wedge' have Sphere 2 contained in Sphere 1.

CylindricalEndcap is implemented using FocallyLiftedMap and FocallyLiftedInnerMaps::Endcap; see those classes for details.

Restrictions on map parameters.

We demand that either Sphere 1 is fully contained inside Sphere 2, or that Sphere 2 is fully contained inside Sphere 1. It is possible to construct a valid map without this assumption, but the assumption simplifies the code, and the expected use cases obey this restriction.

We also demand that $$z_\mathrm{P} > C_1^2$$, that is, the plane in the above and below figures lies to the right of $$C_1^2$$. This restriction not strictly necessary but is made for simplicity.

The map is invertible only for some choices of the projection point $$P$$. Given the above restrictions, the allowed values of $$P$$ are illustrated by the following diagram:

Allowed region for P.

The plane $$z=z_\mathrm{P}$$ intersects sphere 1 on a circle. The cone with apex $$C_1$$ that intersects that circle has opening angle $$2\theta$$ as shown in the above figure. Construct another cone, the "invertibility cone", with apex $$S$$ chosen such that the two cones intersect at right angles on the circle; thus the opening angle of the invertibility cone is $$\pi-2\theta$$. A necessary condition for invertibility is that the projection point $$P$$ lies inside the invertibility cone, but not between $$S$$ and sphere 1. (If $$P$$ does not obey this condition, then from the diagram one can find at least one line through $$P$$ that twice intersects the surface of sphere 1 with $$z>z_\mathrm{P}$$; the inverse map is thus double-valued at those intersection points.) Placing the projection point $$P$$ to the right of $$S$$ (but inside the invertibility cone) is ok for invertibility.

In addition to invertibility and the two additional restrictions already mentioned above, we demand a few more restrictions on the map parameters to simplify the logic for the expected use cases and to ensure that jacobians do not get too large. The numbers in the restrictions below were chosen empirically so that the unit tests pass with errors less than 100 times machine roundoff; we do not expect to run into these restrictions in normal usage. We demand:

• $$P$$ is not too close to the edge of the invertibility cone. Here we demand that the angle between $$P$$ and $$S$$ is less than $$0.85 (\pi/2-\theta)$$ (note that if this angle is exactly $$\pi/2-\theta$$ it is exactly on the invertibility cone); The 0.85 was chosen empirically based on unit tests.
• $$z_\mathrm{P}$$ is not too close to the center or the edge of sphere 1. Here we demand that $$0.15 \leq \cos(\theta) \leq 0.95$$, where the values 0.15 and 0.95 were chosen empirically based on unit tests.
• $$P$$ is contained in sphere 2.
• If sphere 2 is contained in sphere 1, then
• $$0.1 R_1 \leq R_2 \leq 0.85 (R_1 - |C_1-C_2|)$$, This prevents the two spheres from having a very narrow space between them, and it prevents sphere 2 from being very small.
• $$|P - C_2| < 0.1 R_2$$, i.e. $$P$$ is near the center of sphere 2.
• If sphere 1 is contained in sphere 2, then
• $$R_2 \geq 1.01 (R_1 + |C_1-C_2|)$$, where the 1.01 prevents the spheres from (barely) touching.
• If a line segment is drawn between $$P$$ and any point on the intersection circle (the circle where sphere 1 intersects the plane $$z=z_\mathrm{P}$$), the angle between the line segment and the z-axis is smaller than $$\pi/3$$.

The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
• src/Domain/CoordinateMaps/CylindricalEndcap.hpp