SpECTRE Documentation Coverage Report
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Commit: d0fc80462417e83e5cddfa1b9901bb4a9b6af4d6 Lines: 33 116 28.4 %
Date: 2024-03-29 00:33:31
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          Line data    Source code
       1           1 : // Distributed under the MIT License.
       2             : // See LICENSE.txt for details.
       3             : 
       4             : /// \file
       5             : /// Defines class Variables
       6             : 
       7             : #pragma once
       8             : 
       9             : #include <algorithm>
      10             : #include <array>
      11             : #include <blaze/math/AlignmentFlag.h>
      12             : #include <blaze/math/CustomVector.h>
      13             : #include <blaze/math/DenseVector.h>
      14             : #include <blaze/math/GroupTag.h>
      15             : #include <blaze/math/PaddingFlag.h>
      16             : #include <blaze/math/TransposeFlag.h>
      17             : #include <blaze/math/Vector.h>
      18             : #include <limits>
      19             : #include <memory>
      20             : #include <ostream>
      21             : #include <pup.h>
      22             : #include <string>
      23             : #include <tuple>
      24             : 
      25             : #include "DataStructures/DataBox/PrefixHelpers.hpp"
      26             : #include "DataStructures/DataBox/Subitems.hpp"
      27             : #include "DataStructures/DataBox/Tag.hpp"
      28             : #include "DataStructures/DataBox/TagName.hpp"
      29             : #include "DataStructures/DataBox/TagTraits.hpp"
      30             : #include "DataStructures/DataVector.hpp"
      31             : #include "DataStructures/MathWrapper.hpp"
      32             : #include "DataStructures/Tensor/IndexType.hpp"
      33             : #include "DataStructures/Tensor/Tensor.hpp"
      34             : #include "Utilities/EqualWithinRoundoff.hpp"
      35             : #include "Utilities/ErrorHandling/Assert.hpp"
      36             : #include "Utilities/ForceInline.hpp"
      37             : #include "Utilities/Gsl.hpp"
      38             : #include "Utilities/Literals.hpp"
      39             : #include "Utilities/MakeSignalingNan.hpp"
      40             : #include "Utilities/MemoryHelpers.hpp"
      41             : #include "Utilities/PrettyType.hpp"
      42             : #include "Utilities/Requires.hpp"
      43             : #include "Utilities/SetNumberOfGridPoints.hpp"
      44             : #include "Utilities/TMPL.hpp"
      45             : #include "Utilities/TaggedTuple.hpp"
      46             : #include "Utilities/TypeTraits.hpp"
      47             : #include "Utilities/TypeTraits/IsA.hpp"
      48             : 
      49             : // IWYU pragma: no_forward_declare MakeWithValueImpl
      50             : // IWYU pragma: no_forward_declare Variables
      51             : 
      52             : /// \cond
      53             : template <typename X, typename Symm, typename IndexList>
      54             : class Tensor;
      55             : template <typename TagsList>
      56             : class Variables;
      57             : template <typename T, typename VectorType, size_t StaticSize>
      58             : class VectorImpl;
      59             : namespace Tags {
      60             : template <typename TagsList>
      61             : class Variables;
      62             : }  // namespace Tags
      63             : /// \endcond
      64             : 
      65             : /*!
      66             :  * \ingroup DataStructuresGroup
      67             :  * \brief A Variables holds a contiguous memory block with Tensors pointing
      68             :  * into it.
      69             :  *
      70             :  * The `Tags` are `struct`s that must have a public type alias `type` whose
      71             :  * value must be a `Tensor<DataVector, ...>`, a `static' method `name()` that
      72             :  * returns a `std::string` of the tag name, and must derive off of
      73             :  * `db::SimpleTag`. In general, they should be DataBoxTags that are not compute
      74             :  * items. For example,
      75             :  *
      76             :  * \snippet Helpers/DataStructures/TestTags.hpp simple_variables_tag
      77             :  *
      78             :  * Prefix tags can also be stored and their format is:
      79             :  *
      80             :  * \snippet Helpers/DataStructures/TestTags.hpp prefix_variables_tag
      81             :  *
      82             :  * #### Design Decisions
      83             :  *
      84             :  * The `Variables` class is designed to hold several different `Tensor`s
      85             :  * performing one memory allocation for all the `Tensor`s. The advantage is that
      86             :  * memory allocations are quite expensive, especially in a parallel environment.
      87             :  *
      88             :  * In Debug mode, or if the macro `SPECTRE_NAN_INIT` is defined, the contents
      89             :  * are initialized with `NaN`s.
      90             :  *
      91             :  * `Variables` stores the data it owns in a `std::unique_ptr<double[]>`
      92             :  * instead of a `std::vector` because `std::vector` value-initializes its
      93             :  * contents, which is very slow.
      94             :  */
      95             : template <typename... Tags>
      96           1 : class Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>> {
      97             :  public:
      98           0 :   using size_type = size_t;
      99           0 :   using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
     100           0 :   static constexpr auto transpose_flag = blaze::defaultTransposeFlag;
     101             : 
     102             :   /// A typelist of the Tags whose variables are held
     103           1 :   using tags_list = tmpl::list<Tags...>;
     104             :   static_assert(sizeof...(Tags) > 0,
     105             :                 "You must provide at least one tag to the Variables "
     106             :                 "for type inference");
     107             :   static_assert((db::is_simple_tag_v<Tags> and ...));
     108             :   static_assert(tmpl2::flat_all_v<tt::is_a_v<Tensor, typename Tags::type>...>);
     109             : 
     110             :  private:
     111           0 :   using first_tensors_type = typename tmpl::front<tags_list>::type::type;
     112             : 
     113             :  public:
     114             :   static_assert(tmpl2::flat_all_v<std::is_same_v<typename Tags::type::type,
     115             :                                                  first_tensors_type>...> or
     116             :                     tmpl2::flat_all_v<is_spin_weighted_of_same_type_v<
     117             :                         typename Tags::type::type, first_tensors_type>...>,
     118             :                 "All tensors stored in a single Variables must "
     119             :                 "have the same internal storage type.");
     120             : 
     121           0 :   using vector_type =
     122             :       tmpl::conditional_t<is_any_spin_weighted_v<first_tensors_type>,
     123             :                           typename first_tensors_type::value_type,
     124             :                           first_tensors_type>;
     125           0 :   using value_type = typename vector_type::value_type;
     126           0 :   using pointer = value_type*;
     127           0 :   using const_pointer = const value_type*;
     128           0 :   using allocator_type = std::allocator<value_type>;
     129           0 :   using pointer_type =
     130             :       blaze::CustomVector<value_type, blaze::AlignmentFlag::unaligned,
     131             :                           blaze::PaddingFlag::unpadded, transpose_flag,
     132             :                           blaze::GroupTag<0>, vector_type>;
     133             : 
     134             :   static_assert(
     135             :       std::is_fundamental_v<value_type> or tt::is_a_v<std::complex, value_type>,
     136             :       "`value_type` of the Variables (so the storage type of the vector type "
     137             :       "within the tensors in the Variables) must be either a fundamental type "
     138             :       "or a std::complex. If this constraint is relaxed, the value_type "
     139             :       "should be handled differently in the Variables, including pass by "
     140             :       "reference.");
     141             : 
     142             :   /// The number of variables of the Variables object is holding. E.g.
     143             :   /// \f$\psi_{ab}\f$ would be counted as one variable.
     144           1 :   static constexpr auto number_of_variables = sizeof...(Tags);
     145             : 
     146             :   /// The total number of independent components of all the variables. E.g.
     147             :   /// a rank-2 symmetric spacetime Tensor \f$\psi_{ab}\f$ in 3 spatial
     148             :   /// dimensions would have 10 independent components.
     149           1 :   static constexpr size_t number_of_independent_components =
     150             :       (... + Tags::type::size());
     151             : 
     152             :   /// Default construct an empty Variables class, Charm++ needs this
     153           1 :   Variables();
     154             : 
     155           0 :   explicit Variables(size_t number_of_grid_points);
     156             : 
     157           0 :   Variables(size_t number_of_grid_points, value_type value);
     158             : 
     159             :   /// Construct a non-owning Variables that points to `start`. `size` is the
     160             :   /// size of the allocation, which must be
     161             :   /// `number_of_grid_points * Variables::number_of_independent_components`
     162           1 :   Variables(pointer start, size_t size);
     163             : 
     164           0 :   Variables(Variables&& rhs);
     165           0 :   Variables& operator=(Variables&& rhs);
     166             : 
     167           0 :   Variables(const Variables& rhs);
     168           0 :   Variables& operator=(const Variables& rhs);
     169             : 
     170             :   /// @{
     171             :   /// Copy and move semantics for wrapped variables
     172             :   template <typename... WrappedTags,
     173             :             Requires<tmpl2::flat_all<std::is_same<
     174             :                 db::remove_all_prefixes<WrappedTags>,
     175             :                 db::remove_all_prefixes<Tags>>::value...>::value> = nullptr>
     176           1 :   explicit Variables(Variables<tmpl::list<WrappedTags...>>&& rhs);
     177             :   template <typename... WrappedTags,
     178             :             Requires<tmpl2::flat_all<std::is_same<
     179             :                 db::remove_all_prefixes<WrappedTags>,
     180             :                 db::remove_all_prefixes<Tags>>::value...>::value> = nullptr>
     181           1 :   Variables& operator=(Variables<tmpl::list<WrappedTags...>>&& rhs);
     182             : 
     183             :   template <typename... WrappedTags,
     184             :             Requires<tmpl2::flat_all<std::is_same<
     185             :                 db::remove_all_prefixes<WrappedTags>,
     186             :                 db::remove_all_prefixes<Tags>>::value...>::value> = nullptr>
     187           1 :   explicit Variables(const Variables<tmpl::list<WrappedTags...>>& rhs);
     188             :   template <typename... WrappedTags,
     189             :             Requires<tmpl2::flat_all<std::is_same<
     190             :                 db::remove_all_prefixes<WrappedTags>,
     191             :                 db::remove_all_prefixes<Tags>>::value...>::value> = nullptr>
     192           1 :   Variables& operator=(const Variables<tmpl::list<WrappedTags...>>& rhs);
     193             :   /// @}
     194             : 
     195             :   /// \cond HIDDEN_SYMBOLS
     196             :   ~Variables() = default;
     197             :   /// \endcond
     198             : 
     199             :   /// @{
     200             :   /// Initialize a Variables to the state it would have after calling
     201             :   /// the constructor with the same arguments.
     202             :   // this should be updated if we ever use a variables which has a `value_type`
     203             :   // larger than ~2 doubles in size.
     204           1 :   void initialize(size_t number_of_grid_points);
     205           1 :   void initialize(size_t number_of_grid_points, value_type value);
     206             :   /// @}
     207             : 
     208             :   /// @{
     209             :   /// Set the VectorImpl to be a reference to another VectorImpl object
     210           1 :   void set_data_ref(const gsl::not_null<Variables*> rhs) {
     211             :     set_data_ref(rhs->data(), rhs->size());
     212             :   }
     213             : 
     214           1 :   void set_data_ref(pointer const start, const size_t size) {
     215             :     variable_data_impl_dynamic_.reset();
     216             :     if (start == nullptr) {
     217             :       variable_data_ = pointer_type{};
     218             :       size_ = 0;
     219             :       number_of_grid_points_ = 0;
     220             :     } else {
     221             :       size_ = size;
     222             :       variable_data_.reset(start, size_);
     223             :       ASSERT(
     224             :           size_ % number_of_independent_components == 0,
     225             :           "The size (" << size_
     226             :                        << ") must be a multiple of the number of independent "
     227             :                           "components ("
     228             :                        << number_of_independent_components
     229             :                        << ") since we calculate the number of grid points from "
     230             :                           "the size and number of independent components.");
     231             :       number_of_grid_points_ = size_ / number_of_independent_components;
     232             :     }
     233             :     owning_ = false;
     234             :     add_reference_variable_data();
     235             :   }
     236             :   /// @}
     237             : 
     238           0 :   constexpr SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE size_t number_of_grid_points() const {
     239             :     return number_of_grid_points_;
     240             :   }
     241             : 
     242             :   /// Number of grid points * number of independent components
     243           1 :   constexpr SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE size_type size() const { return size_; }
     244             : 
     245             :   /// @{
     246             :   /// Access pointer to underlying data
     247           1 :   pointer data() { return variable_data_.data(); }
     248           1 :   const_pointer data() const { return variable_data_.data(); }
     249             :   /// @}
     250             : 
     251             :   /// \cond HIDDEN_SYMBOLS
     252             :   /// Needed because of limitations and inconsistency between compiler
     253             :   /// implementations of friend function templates with auto return type of
     254             :   /// class templates
     255             :   const auto& get_variable_data() const { return variable_data_; }
     256             :   /// \endcond
     257             : 
     258             :   /// Returns true if the class owns the data
     259           1 :   bool is_owning() const { return owning_; }
     260             : 
     261             :   // clang-tidy: redundant-declaration
     262             :   template <typename Tag, typename TagList>
     263           1 :   friend constexpr typename Tag::type& get(  // NOLINT
     264             :       Variables<TagList>& v);
     265             :   template <typename Tag, typename TagList>
     266           0 :   friend constexpr const typename Tag::type& get(  // NOLINT
     267             :       const Variables<TagList>& v);
     268             : 
     269             :   /// Serialization for Charm++.
     270             :   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-runtime-references)
     271           1 :   void pup(PUP::er& p);
     272             : 
     273             :   /// @{
     274             :   /// \brief Assign a subset of the `Tensor`s from another Variables or a
     275             :   /// tuples::TaggedTuple. Any tags that aren't in both containers are
     276             :   /// ignored.
     277             :   ///
     278             :   /// \note There is no need for an rvalue overload because we need to copy into
     279             :   /// the contiguous array anyway
     280             :   template <typename... SubsetOfTags>
     281           1 :   void assign_subset(const Variables<tmpl::list<SubsetOfTags...>>& vars) {
     282             :     EXPAND_PACK_LEFT_TO_RIGHT([this, &vars]() {
     283             :       if constexpr (tmpl::list_contains_v<tmpl::list<Tags...>, SubsetOfTags>) {
     284             :         get<SubsetOfTags>(*this) = get<SubsetOfTags>(vars);
     285             :       } else {
     286             :         (void)this;
     287             :         (void)vars;
     288             :       }
     289             :     }());
     290             :   }
     291             : 
     292             :   template <typename... SubsetOfTags>
     293           1 :   void assign_subset(const tuples::TaggedTuple<SubsetOfTags...>& vars) {
     294             :     EXPAND_PACK_LEFT_TO_RIGHT([this, &vars]() {
     295             :       if constexpr (tmpl::list_contains_v<tmpl::list<Tags...>, SubsetOfTags>) {
     296             :         get<SubsetOfTags>(*this) = get<SubsetOfTags>(vars);
     297             :       } else {
     298             :         (void)this;
     299             :         (void)vars;
     300             :       }
     301             :     }());
     302             :   }
     303             :   /// @}
     304             : 
     305             :   /// Create a Variables from a subset of the `Tensor`s in this
     306             :   /// Variables
     307             :   template <typename SubsetOfTags>
     308           1 :   Variables<SubsetOfTags> extract_subset() const {
     309             :     Variables<SubsetOfTags> sub_vars(number_of_grid_points());
     310             :     tmpl::for_each<SubsetOfTags>([&](const auto tag_v) {
     311             :       using tag = tmpl::type_from<decltype(tag_v)>;
     312             :       get<tag>(sub_vars) = get<tag>(*this);
     313             :     });
     314             :     return sub_vars;
     315             :   }
     316             : 
     317             :   /// Create a non-owning Variables referencing a subset of the
     318             :   /// `Tensor`s in this Variables.  The referenced tensors must be
     319             :   /// consecutive in this Variables's tags list.
     320             :   ///
     321             :   /// \warning As with other appearances of non-owning variables, this
     322             :   /// method can cast away constness.
     323             :   template <typename SubsetOfTags>
     324           1 :   Variables<SubsetOfTags> reference_subset() const {
     325             :     if constexpr (std::is_same_v<SubsetOfTags, tmpl::list<>>) {
     326             :       return {};
     327             :     } else {
     328             :       using subset_from_tags_list = tmpl::reverse_find<
     329             :           tmpl::find<
     330             :               tags_list,
     331             :               std::is_same<tmpl::_1, tmpl::pin<tmpl::front<SubsetOfTags>>>>,
     332             :           std::is_same<tmpl::_1, tmpl::pin<tmpl::back<SubsetOfTags>>>>;
     333             :       static_assert(std::is_same_v<subset_from_tags_list, SubsetOfTags>,
     334             :                     "Tags passed to reference_subset must be consecutive tags "
     335             :                     "in the original tags_list.");
     336             : 
     337             :       using preceeding_tags = tmpl::pop_back<tmpl::reverse_find<
     338             :           tags_list,
     339             :           std::is_same<tmpl::_1, tmpl::pin<tmpl::front<SubsetOfTags>>>>>;
     340             : 
     341             :       static constexpr auto count_components = [](auto... tags) {
     342             :         return (0_st + ... + tmpl::type_from<decltype(tags)>::type::size());
     343             :       };
     344             :       static constexpr size_t number_of_preceeding_components =
     345             :           tmpl::as_pack<preceeding_tags>(count_components);
     346             :       static constexpr size_t number_of_components_in_subset =
     347             :           tmpl::as_pack<SubsetOfTags>(count_components);
     348             : 
     349             :       return {const_cast<value_type*>(data()) +
     350             :                   number_of_grid_points() * number_of_preceeding_components,
     351             :               number_of_grid_points() * number_of_components_in_subset};
     352             :     }
     353             :   }
     354             : 
     355             :   /// Create a non-owning version of this Variables with different
     356             :   /// prefixes on the tensors.  Both sets of prefixes must have the
     357             :   /// same tensor types.
     358             :   ///
     359             :   /// \warning As with other appearances of non-owning variables, this
     360             :   /// method can cast away constness.
     361             :   template <typename WrappedVariables>
     362           1 :   WrappedVariables reference_with_different_prefixes() const {
     363             :     static_assert(
     364             :         tmpl::all<tmpl::transform<
     365             :             typename WrappedVariables::tags_list, tmpl::list<Tags...>,
     366             :             std::is_same<tmpl::bind<db::remove_all_prefixes, tmpl::_1>,
     367             :                          tmpl::bind<db::remove_all_prefixes, tmpl::_2>>>>::
     368             :             value,
     369             :         "Unprefixed tags do not match!");
     370             :     static_assert(
     371             :         tmpl::all<tmpl::transform<
     372             :             typename WrappedVariables::tags_list, tmpl::list<Tags...>,
     373             :             std::is_same<tmpl::bind<tmpl::type_from, tmpl::_1>,
     374             :                          tmpl::bind<tmpl::type_from, tmpl::_2>>>>::value,
     375             :         "Tensor types do not match!");
     376             :     return {const_cast<value_type*>(data()), size()};
     377             :   }
     378             : 
     379             :   /// Converting constructor for an expression to a Variables class
     380             :   // clang-tidy: mark as explicit (we want conversion to Variables)
     381             :   template <typename VT, bool VF>
     382           1 :   Variables(const blaze::DenseVector<VT, VF>& expression);  // NOLINT
     383             : 
     384             :   template <typename VT, bool VF>
     385           0 :   Variables& operator=(const blaze::DenseVector<VT, VF>& expression);
     386             : 
     387             :   // Prevent the previous two declarations from implicitly converting
     388             :   // DataVectors and similar to Variables.
     389             :   template <typename T, typename VectorType, size_t StaticSize>
     390           0 :   Variables(const VectorImpl<T, VectorType, StaticSize>&) = delete;
     391             :   template <typename T, typename VectorType, size_t StaticSize>
     392           0 :   Variables& operator=(const VectorImpl<T, VectorType, StaticSize>&) = delete;
     393             : 
     394             :   template <typename... WrappedTags,
     395             :             Requires<tmpl2::flat_all<std::is_same_v<
     396             :                 db::remove_all_prefixes<WrappedTags>,
     397             :                 db::remove_all_prefixes<Tags>>...>::value> = nullptr>
     398           0 :   SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE Variables& operator+=(
     399             :       const Variables<tmpl::list<WrappedTags...>>& rhs) {
     400             :     static_assert(
     401             :         (std::is_same_v<typename Tags::type, typename WrappedTags::type> and
     402             :          ...),
     403             :         "Tensor types do not match!");
     404             :     variable_data_ += rhs.variable_data_;
     405             :     return *this;
     406             :   }
     407             :   template <typename VT, bool VF>
     408           0 :   SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE Variables& operator+=(
     409             :       const blaze::Vector<VT, VF>& rhs) {
     410             :     variable_data_ += rhs;
     411             :     return *this;
     412             :   }
     413             : 
     414             :   template <typename... WrappedTags,
     415             :             Requires<tmpl2::flat_all<std::is_same_v<
     416             :                 db::remove_all_prefixes<WrappedTags>,
     417             :                 db::remove_all_prefixes<Tags>>...>::value> = nullptr>
     418           0 :   SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE Variables& operator-=(
     419             :       const Variables<tmpl::list<WrappedTags...>>& rhs) {
     420             :     static_assert(
     421             :         (std::is_same_v<typename Tags::type, typename WrappedTags::type> and
     422             :          ...),
     423             :         "Tensor types do not match!");
     424             :     variable_data_ -= rhs.variable_data_;
     425             :     return *this;
     426             :   }
     427             :   template <typename VT, bool VF>
     428           0 :   SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE Variables& operator-=(
     429             :       const blaze::Vector<VT, VF>& rhs) {
     430             :     variable_data_ -= rhs;
     431             :     return *this;
     432             :   }
     433             : 
     434           0 :   SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE Variables& operator*=(const value_type& rhs) {
     435             :     variable_data_ *= rhs;
     436             :     return *this;
     437             :   }
     438             : 
     439           0 :   SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE Variables& operator/=(const value_type& rhs) {
     440             :     variable_data_ /= rhs;
     441             :     return *this;
     442             :   }
     443             : 
     444             :   template <typename... WrappedTags,
     445             :             Requires<tmpl2::flat_all<std::is_same_v<
     446             :                 db::remove_all_prefixes<WrappedTags>,
     447             :                 db::remove_all_prefixes<Tags>>...>::value> = nullptr>
     448           0 :   friend SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE decltype(auto) operator+(
     449             :       const Variables<tmpl::list<WrappedTags...>>& lhs, const Variables& rhs) {
     450             :     static_assert(
     451             :         (std::is_same_v<typename Tags::type, typename WrappedTags::type> and
     452             :          ...),
     453             :         "Tensor types do not match!");
     454             :     return lhs.get_variable_data() + rhs.variable_data_;
     455             :   }
     456             :   template <typename VT, bool VF>
     457           0 :   friend SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE decltype(auto) operator+(
     458             :       const blaze::DenseVector<VT, VF>& lhs, const Variables& rhs) {
     459             :     return *lhs + rhs.variable_data_;
     460             :   }
     461             :   template <typename VT, bool VF>
     462           0 :   friend SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE decltype(auto) operator+(
     463             :       const Variables& lhs, const blaze::DenseVector<VT, VF>& rhs) {
     464             :     return lhs.variable_data_ + *rhs;
     465             :   }
     466             : 
     467             :   template <typename... WrappedTags,
     468             :             Requires<tmpl2::flat_all<std::is_same_v<
     469             :                 db::remove_all_prefixes<WrappedTags>,
     470             :                 db::remove_all_prefixes<Tags>>...>::value> = nullptr>
     471           0 :   friend SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE decltype(auto) operator-(
     472             :       const Variables<tmpl::list<WrappedTags...>>& lhs, const Variables& rhs) {
     473             :     static_assert(
     474             :         (std::is_same_v<typename Tags::type, typename WrappedTags::type> and
     475             :          ...),
     476             :         "Tensor types do not match!");
     477             :     return lhs.get_variable_data() - rhs.variable_data_;
     478             :   }
     479             :   template <typename VT, bool VF>
     480           0 :   friend SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE decltype(auto) operator-(
     481             :       const blaze::DenseVector<VT, VF>& lhs, const Variables& rhs) {
     482             :     return *lhs - rhs.variable_data_;
     483             :   }
     484             :   template <typename VT, bool VF>
     485           0 :   friend SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE decltype(auto) operator-(
     486             :       const Variables& lhs, const blaze::DenseVector<VT, VF>& rhs) {
     487             :     return lhs.variable_data_ - *rhs;
     488             :   }
     489             : 
     490           0 :   friend SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE decltype(auto) operator*(const Variables& lhs,
     491             :                                                         const value_type& rhs) {
     492             :     return lhs.variable_data_ * rhs;
     493             :   }
     494           0 :   friend SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE decltype(auto) operator*(const value_type& lhs,
     495             :                                                         const Variables& rhs) {
     496             :     return lhs * rhs.variable_data_;
     497             :   }
     498             : 
     499           0 :   friend SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE decltype(auto) operator/(const Variables& lhs,
     500             :                                                         const value_type& rhs) {
     501             :     return lhs.variable_data_ / rhs;
     502             :   }
     503             : 
     504           0 :   friend SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE decltype(auto) operator-(const Variables& lhs) {
     505             :     return -lhs.variable_data_;
     506             :   }
     507           0 :   friend SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE decltype(auto) operator+(const Variables& lhs) {
     508             :     return lhs.variable_data_;
     509             :   }
     510             : 
     511             :  private:
     512             :   /// @{
     513             :   /*!
     514             :    * \brief Subscript operator
     515             :    *
     516             :    * The subscript operator is private since it should not be used directly.
     517             :    * Mathematical operations should be done using the math operators provided.
     518             :    * Since the internal ordering of variables is implementation defined there
     519             :    * is no safe way to perform any operation that is not a linear combination of
     520             :    * Variables. Retrieving a Tensor must be done via the `get()` function.
     521             :    *
     522             :    *  \requires `i >= 0 and i < size()`
     523             :    */
     524           1 :   SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE value_type& operator[](const size_type i) {
     525             :     return variable_data_[i];
     526             :   }
     527           1 :   SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE const value_type& operator[](const size_type i) const {
     528             :     return variable_data_[i];
     529             :   }
     530             :   /// @}
     531             : 
     532           0 :   void add_reference_variable_data();
     533             : 
     534           0 :   friend bool operator==(const Variables& lhs, const Variables& rhs) {
     535             :     return blaze::equal<blaze::strict>(lhs.variable_data_, rhs.variable_data_);
     536             :   }
     537             : 
     538             :   template <typename VT, bool TF>
     539           0 :   friend bool operator==(const Variables& lhs,
     540             :                          const blaze::DenseVector<VT, TF>& rhs) {
     541             :     return blaze::equal<blaze::strict>(lhs.variable_data_, *rhs);
     542             :   }
     543             : 
     544             :   template <typename VT, bool TF>
     545           0 :   friend bool operator==(const blaze::DenseVector<VT, TF>& lhs,
     546             :                          const Variables& rhs) {
     547             :     return blaze::equal<blaze::strict>(*lhs, rhs.variable_data_);
     548             :   }
     549             : 
     550             :   template <class FriendTags>
     551           0 :   friend class Variables;
     552             : 
     553             :   std::array<value_type, number_of_independent_components>
     554           0 :       variable_data_impl_static_;
     555           0 :   std::unique_ptr<value_type[]> variable_data_impl_dynamic_{};
     556           0 :   bool owning_{true};
     557           0 :   size_t size_ = 0;
     558           0 :   size_t number_of_grid_points_ = 0;
     559             : 
     560           0 :   pointer_type variable_data_;
     561           0 :   tuples::TaggedTuple<Tags...> reference_variable_data_;
     562             : };
     563             : 
     564             : // The above Variables implementation doesn't work for an empty parameter pack,
     565             : // so specialize here.
     566             : template <>
     567           0 : class Variables<tmpl::list<>> {
     568             :  public:
     569           0 :   using tags_list = tmpl::list<>;
     570           0 :   static constexpr size_t number_of_independent_components = 0;
     571           0 :   Variables() = default;
     572           0 :   explicit Variables(const size_t /*number_of_grid_points*/) {}
     573             :   template <typename T>
     574           0 :   Variables(const T* /*pointer*/, const size_t /*size*/) {}
     575           0 :   static constexpr size_t size() { return 0; }
     576             : };
     577             : 
     578             : // gcc8 screams when the empty Variables has pup as a member function, so we
     579             : // declare pup as a free function here.
     580             : // clang-tidy: runtime-references
     581           0 : SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE void pup(
     582             :     PUP::er& /*p*/,                           // NOLINT
     583             :     Variables<tmpl::list<>>& /* unused */) {  // NOLINT
     584             : }
     585           0 : SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE void operator|(
     586             :     PUP::er& /*p*/, Variables<tmpl::list<>>& /* unused */) {  // NOLINT
     587             : }
     588             : 
     589           0 : SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE bool operator==(const Variables<tmpl::list<>>& /*lhs*/,
     590             :                                       const Variables<tmpl::list<>>& /*rhs*/) {
     591             :   return true;
     592             : }
     593           0 : SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE bool operator!=(const Variables<tmpl::list<>>& /*lhs*/,
     594             :                                       const Variables<tmpl::list<>>& /*rhs*/) {
     595             :   return false;
     596             : }
     597             : 
     598           0 : inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
     599             :                                 const Variables<tmpl::list<>>& /*d*/) {
     600             :   return os << "{}";
     601             : }
     602             : 
     603             : template <typename... Tags>
     604             : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::Variables() {
     605             :   // This makes an assertion trigger if one tries to assign to
     606             :   // components of a default-constructed Variables.
     607             :   const auto set_refs = [](auto& var) {
     608             :     for (auto& dv : var) {
     609             :       dv.set_data_ref(nullptr, 0);
     610             :     }
     611             :     return 0;
     612             :   };
     613             :   (void)set_refs;
     614             :   expand_pack(set_refs(tuples::get<Tags>(reference_variable_data_))...);
     615             : }
     616             : 
     617             : template <typename... Tags>
     618             : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::Variables(const size_t number_of_grid_points) {
     619             :   initialize(number_of_grid_points);
     620             : }
     621             : 
     622             : template <typename... Tags>
     623             : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::Variables(const size_t number_of_grid_points,
     624             :                                           const value_type value) {
     625             :   initialize(number_of_grid_points, value);
     626             : }
     627             : 
     628             : template <typename... Tags>
     629             : void Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::initialize(
     630             :     const size_t number_of_grid_points) {
     631             :   if (number_of_grid_points_ == 0) {
     632             :     variable_data_impl_dynamic_.reset();
     633             :     size_ = 0;
     634             :     number_of_grid_points_ = 0;
     635             :   }
     636             :   if (number_of_grid_points_ == number_of_grid_points) {
     637             :     return;
     638             :   }
     639             :   if (UNLIKELY(not is_owning())) {
     640             :     ERROR("Variables::initialize cannot be called on a non-owning Variables.  "
     641             :           "This likely happened because of an attempted resize.  The current "
     642             :           "number of grid points is " << number_of_grid_points_ << " and the "
     643             :           "requested number is " << number_of_grid_points << ".");
     644             :   }
     645             :   number_of_grid_points_ = number_of_grid_points;
     646             :   size_ = number_of_grid_points * number_of_independent_components;
     647             :   if (size_ > 0) {
     648             :     if (number_of_grid_points_ == 1) {
     649             :       variable_data_impl_dynamic_.reset();
     650             :     } else {
     651             :       variable_data_impl_dynamic_ =
     652             :           cpp20::make_unique_for_overwrite<value_type[]>(size_);
     653             :     }
     654             :     add_reference_variable_data();
     655             : #if defined(SPECTRE_DEBUG) || defined(SPECTRE_NAN_INIT)
     656             :     std::fill(variable_data_.data(), variable_data_.data() + size_,
     657             :               make_signaling_NaN<value_type>());
     658             : #endif  // SPECTRE_DEBUG
     659             :   }
     660             : }
     661             : 
     662             : template <typename... Tags>
     663             : void Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::initialize(
     664             :     const size_t number_of_grid_points, const value_type value) {
     665             :   initialize(number_of_grid_points);
     666             :   std::fill(variable_data_.data(), variable_data_.data() + size_, value);
     667             : }
     668             : 
     669             : /// \cond HIDDEN_SYMBOLS
     670             : template <typename... Tags>
     671             : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::Variables(
     672             :     const Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>& rhs) {
     673             :   initialize(rhs.number_of_grid_points());
     674             :   variable_data_ =
     675             :       static_cast<const blaze::Vector<pointer_type, transpose_flag>&>(
     676             :           rhs.variable_data_);
     677             : }
     678             : 
     679             : template <typename... Tags>
     680             : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>& Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::operator=(
     681             :     const Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>& rhs) {
     682             :   if (&rhs == this) {
     683             :     return *this;
     684             :   }
     685             :   initialize(rhs.number_of_grid_points());
     686             :   variable_data_ =
     687             :       static_cast<const blaze::Vector<pointer_type, transpose_flag>&>(
     688             :           rhs.variable_data_);
     689             :   return *this;
     690             : }
     691             : 
     692             : template <typename... Tags>
     693             : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::Variables(Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>&& rhs)
     694             :     : variable_data_impl_dynamic_(std::move(rhs.variable_data_impl_dynamic_)),
     695             :       owning_(rhs.owning_),
     696             :       size_(rhs.size()),
     697             :       number_of_grid_points_(rhs.number_of_grid_points()),
     698             :       variable_data_(std::move(rhs.variable_data_)) {
     699             :   if (number_of_grid_points_ == 1) {
     700             : #if defined(__GNUC__) and not defined(__clang__)
     701             : #pragma GCC diagnostic push
     702             : #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmaybe-uninitialized"
     703             : #endif  // defined(__GNUC__) and not defined(__clang__)
     704             :     variable_data_impl_static_ = std::move(rhs.variable_data_impl_static_);
     705             : #if defined(__GNUC__) and not defined(__clang__)
     706             : #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
     707             : #endif  // defined(__GNUC__) and not defined(__clang__)
     708             :   }
     709             :   rhs.variable_data_impl_dynamic_.reset();
     710             :   rhs.owning_ = true;
     711             :   rhs.size_ = 0;
     712             :   rhs.number_of_grid_points_ = 0;
     713             :   add_reference_variable_data();
     714             : }
     715             : 
     716             : template <typename... Tags>
     717             : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>& Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::operator=(
     718             :     Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>&& rhs) {
     719             :   if (this == &rhs) {
     720             :     return *this;
     721             :   }
     722             :   owning_ = rhs.owning_;
     723             :   size_ = rhs.size_;
     724             :   number_of_grid_points_ = std::move(rhs.number_of_grid_points_);
     725             :   variable_data_ = std::move(rhs.variable_data_);
     726             :   variable_data_impl_dynamic_ = std::move(rhs.variable_data_impl_dynamic_);
     727             :   if (number_of_grid_points_ == 1) {
     728             : #if defined(__GNUC__) and not defined(__clang__)
     729             : #pragma GCC diagnostic push
     730             : #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmaybe-uninitialized"
     731             : #endif  // defined(__GNUC__) and not defined(__clang__)
     732             :     variable_data_impl_static_ = std::move(rhs.variable_data_impl_static_);
     733             : #if defined(__GNUC__) and not defined(__clang__)
     734             : #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
     735             : #endif  // defined(__GNUC__) and not defined(__clang__)
     736             :   }
     737             : 
     738             :   rhs.variable_data_impl_dynamic_.reset();
     739             :   rhs.owning_ = true;
     740             :   rhs.size_ = 0;
     741             :   rhs.number_of_grid_points_ = 0;
     742             :   add_reference_variable_data();
     743             :   return *this;
     744             : }
     745             : 
     746             : template <typename... Tags>
     747             : template <typename... WrappedTags,
     748             :           Requires<tmpl2::flat_all<
     749             :               std::is_same<db::remove_all_prefixes<WrappedTags>,
     750             :                            db::remove_all_prefixes<Tags>>::value...>::value>>
     751             : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::Variables(
     752             :     const Variables<tmpl::list<WrappedTags...>>& rhs) {
     753             :   static_assert(
     754             :       (std::is_same_v<typename Tags::type, typename WrappedTags::type> and ...),
     755             :       "Tensor types do not match!");
     756             :   initialize(rhs.number_of_grid_points());
     757             :   variable_data_ =
     758             :       static_cast<const blaze::Vector<pointer_type, transpose_flag>&>(
     759             :           rhs.variable_data_);
     760             : }
     761             : 
     762             : template <typename... Tags>
     763             : template <typename... WrappedTags,
     764             :           Requires<tmpl2::flat_all<
     765             :               std::is_same<db::remove_all_prefixes<WrappedTags>,
     766             :                            db::remove_all_prefixes<Tags>>::value...>::value>>
     767             : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>& Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::operator=(
     768             :     const Variables<tmpl::list<WrappedTags...>>& rhs) {
     769             :   static_assert(
     770             :       (std::is_same_v<typename Tags::type, typename WrappedTags::type> and ...),
     771             :       "Tensor types do not match!");
     772             :   initialize(rhs.number_of_grid_points());
     773             :   variable_data_ =
     774             :       static_cast<const blaze::Vector<pointer_type, transpose_flag>&>(
     775             :           rhs.variable_data_);
     776             :   return *this;
     777             : }
     778             : 
     779             : template <typename... Tags>
     780             : template <typename... WrappedTags,
     781             :           Requires<tmpl2::flat_all<
     782             :               std::is_same<db::remove_all_prefixes<WrappedTags>,
     783             :                            db::remove_all_prefixes<Tags>>::value...>::value>>
     784             : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::Variables(
     785             :     Variables<tmpl::list<WrappedTags...>>&& rhs)
     786             :     : variable_data_impl_dynamic_(std::move(rhs.variable_data_impl_dynamic_)),
     787             :       owning_(rhs.owning_),
     788             :       size_(rhs.size()),
     789             :       number_of_grid_points_(rhs.number_of_grid_points()),
     790             :       variable_data_(std::move(rhs.variable_data_)) {
     791             :   static_assert(
     792             :       (std::is_same_v<typename Tags::type, typename WrappedTags::type> and ...),
     793             :       "Tensor types do not match!");
     794             :   if (number_of_grid_points_ == 1) {
     795             : #if defined(__GNUC__) and not defined(__clang__)
     796             : #pragma GCC diagnostic push
     797             : #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmaybe-uninitialized"
     798             : #endif  // defined(__GNUC__) and not defined(__clang__)
     799             :     variable_data_impl_static_ = std::move(rhs.variable_data_impl_static_);
     800             : #if defined(__GNUC__) and not defined(__clang__)
     801             : #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
     802             : #endif  // defined(__GNUC__) and not defined(__clang__)
     803             :   }
     804             :   rhs.variable_data_impl_dynamic_.reset();
     805             :   rhs.size_ = 0;
     806             :   rhs.owning_ = true;
     807             :   rhs.number_of_grid_points_ = 0;
     808             :   add_reference_variable_data();
     809             : }
     810             : 
     811             : template <typename... Tags>
     812             : template <typename... WrappedTags,
     813             :           Requires<tmpl2::flat_all<
     814             :               std::is_same<db::remove_all_prefixes<WrappedTags>,
     815             :                            db::remove_all_prefixes<Tags>>::value...>::value>>
     816             : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>& Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::operator=(
     817             :     Variables<tmpl::list<WrappedTags...>>&& rhs) {
     818             :   static_assert(
     819             :       (std::is_same_v<typename Tags::type, typename WrappedTags::type> and ...),
     820             :       "Tensor types do not match!");
     821             :   variable_data_ = std::move(rhs.variable_data_);
     822             :   owning_ = rhs.owning_;
     823             :   size_ = rhs.size_;
     824             :   number_of_grid_points_ = std::move(rhs.number_of_grid_points_);
     825             :   variable_data_impl_dynamic_ = std::move(rhs.variable_data_impl_dynamic_);
     826             :   if (number_of_grid_points_ == 1) {
     827             : #if defined(__GNUC__) and not defined(__clang__)
     828             : #pragma GCC diagnostic push
     829             : #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmaybe-uninitialized"
     830             : #endif  // defined(__GNUC__) and not defined(__clang__)
     831             :     variable_data_impl_static_ = std::move(rhs.variable_data_impl_static_);
     832             : #if defined(__GNUC__) and not defined(__clang__)
     833             : #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
     834             : #endif  // defined(__GNUC__) and not defined(__clang__)
     835             :   }
     836             : 
     837             :   rhs.variable_data_impl_dynamic_.reset();
     838             :   rhs.size_ = 0;
     839             :   rhs.owning_ = true;
     840             :   rhs.number_of_grid_points_ = 0;
     841             :   add_reference_variable_data();
     842             :   return *this;
     843             : }
     844             : 
     845             : template <typename... Tags>
     846             : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::Variables(const pointer start,
     847             :                                           const size_t size) {
     848             :   set_data_ref(start, size);
     849             : }
     850             : 
     851             : template <typename... Tags>
     852             : void Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::pup(PUP::er& p) {
     853             :   ASSERT(
     854             :       owning_,
     855             :       "Cannot pup a non-owning Variables! It may be reasonable to pack a "
     856             :       "non-owning Variables, but not to unpack one. This should be discussed "
     857             :       "in an issue with the core devs if the feature seems necessary.");
     858             :   size_t number_of_grid_points = number_of_grid_points_;
     859             :   p | number_of_grid_points;
     860             :   if (p.isUnpacking()) {
     861             :     initialize(number_of_grid_points);
     862             :   }
     863             :   PUParray(p, variable_data_.data(), size_);
     864             : }
     865             : /// \endcond
     866             : 
     867             : /// @{
     868             : /*!
     869             :  * \ingroup DataStructuresGroup
     870             :  * \brief Return Tag::type pointing into the contiguous array
     871             :  *
     872             :  * \tparam Tag the variable to return
     873             :  */
     874             : template <typename Tag, typename TagList>
     875           1 : constexpr typename Tag::type& get(Variables<TagList>& v) {
     876             :   static_assert(tmpl::list_contains_v<TagList, Tag>,
     877             :                 "Could not retrieve Tag from Variables. See the first "
     878             :                 "template parameter of the instantiation for what Tag is "
     879             :                 "being retrieved and the second template parameter for "
     880             :                 "what Tags are available.");
     881             :   return tuples::get<Tag>(v.reference_variable_data_);
     882             : }
     883             : template <typename Tag, typename TagList>
     884           1 : constexpr const typename Tag::type& get(const Variables<TagList>& v) {
     885             :   static_assert(tmpl::list_contains_v<TagList, Tag>,
     886             :                 "Could not retrieve Tag from Variables. See the first "
     887             :                 "template parameter of the instantiation for what Tag is "
     888             :                 "being retrieved and the second template parameter for "
     889             :                 "what Tags are available.");
     890             :   return tuples::get<Tag>(v.reference_variable_data_);
     891             : }
     892             : /// @}
     893             : 
     894             : template <typename... Tags>
     895             : template <typename VT, bool VF>
     896             : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::Variables(
     897             :     const blaze::DenseVector<VT, VF>& expression) {
     898             :   ASSERT((*expression).size() % number_of_independent_components == 0,
     899             :          "Invalid size " << (*expression).size() << " for a Variables with "
     900             :          << number_of_independent_components << " components.");
     901             :   initialize((*expression).size() / number_of_independent_components);
     902             :   variable_data_ = expression;
     903             : }
     904             : 
     905             : /// \cond
     906             : template <typename... Tags>
     907             : template <typename VT, bool VF>
     908             : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>& Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::operator=(
     909             :     const blaze::DenseVector<VT, VF>& expression) {
     910             :   ASSERT((*expression).size() % number_of_independent_components == 0,
     911             :          "Invalid size " << (*expression).size() << " for a Variables with "
     912             :          << number_of_independent_components << " components.");
     913             :   initialize((*expression).size() / number_of_independent_components);
     914             :   variable_data_ = expression;
     915             :   return *this;
     916             : }
     917             : /// \endcond
     918             : 
     919             : /// \cond HIDDEN_SYMBOLS
     920             : template <typename... Tags>
     921             : void Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::add_reference_variable_data() {
     922             :   if (size_ == 0) {
     923             :     return;
     924             :   }
     925             :   if (is_owning()) {
     926             :     if (number_of_grid_points_ == 1) {
     927             :       variable_data_.reset(variable_data_impl_static_.data(), size_);
     928             :     } else {
     929             :       variable_data_.reset(variable_data_impl_dynamic_.get(), size_);
     930             :     }
     931             :   }
     932             :   ASSERT(variable_data_.size() == size_ and
     933             :              size_ == number_of_grid_points_ * number_of_independent_components,
     934             :          "Size mismatch: variable_data_.size() = "
     935             :              << variable_data_.size() << " size_ = " << size_ << " should be: "
     936             :              << number_of_grid_points_ * number_of_independent_components
     937             :              << "\nThis is an internal inconsistency bug in Variables. Please "
     938             :                 "file an issue.");
     939             :   size_t variable_offset = 0;
     940             :   tmpl::for_each<tags_list>([this, &variable_offset](auto tag_v) {
     941             :     using Tag = tmpl::type_from<decltype(tag_v)>;
     942             :     auto& var = tuples::get<Tag>(reference_variable_data_);
     943             :     for (size_t i = 0; i < Tag::type::size(); ++i) {
     944             :       var[i].set_data_ref(
     945             :           &variable_data_[variable_offset++ * number_of_grid_points_],
     946             :           number_of_grid_points_);
     947             :     }
     948             :   });
     949             : }
     950             : /// \endcond
     951             : 
     952             : template <typename... Tags>
     953           0 : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>& operator*=(
     954             :     Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>& lhs,
     955             :     const typename Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::vector_type& rhs) {
     956             :   using value_type = typename Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::value_type;
     957             :   ASSERT(lhs.number_of_grid_points() == rhs.size(),
     958             :          "Size mismatch in multiplication: " << lhs.number_of_grid_points()
     959             :                                              << " and " << rhs.size());
     960             :   value_type* const lhs_data = lhs.data();
     961             :   const value_type* const rhs_data = rhs.data();
     962             :   for (size_t c = 0; c < lhs.number_of_independent_components; ++c) {
     963             :     for (size_t s = 0; s < lhs.number_of_grid_points(); ++s) {
     964             :       // clang-tidy: do not use pointer arithmetic
     965             :       lhs_data[c * lhs.number_of_grid_points() + s] *= rhs_data[s];  // NOLINT
     966             :     }
     967             :   }
     968             :   return lhs;
     969             : }
     970             : 
     971             : template <typename... Tags>
     972           0 : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>> operator*(
     973             :     const Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>& lhs,
     974             :     const typename Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::vector_type& rhs) {
     975             :   auto result = lhs;
     976             :   result *= rhs;
     977             :   return result;
     978             : }
     979             : 
     980             : template <typename... Tags>
     981           0 : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>> operator*(
     982             :     const typename Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::vector_type& lhs,
     983             :     const Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>& rhs) {
     984             :   auto result = rhs;
     985             :   result *= lhs;
     986             :   return result;
     987             : }
     988             : 
     989             : template <typename... Tags>
     990           0 : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>& operator/=(
     991             :     Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>& lhs,
     992             :     const typename Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::vector_type& rhs) {
     993             :   ASSERT(lhs.number_of_grid_points() == rhs.size(),
     994             :          "Size mismatch in multiplication: " << lhs.number_of_grid_points()
     995             :                                              << " and " << rhs.size());
     996             :   using value_type = typename Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::value_type;
     997             :   value_type* const lhs_data = lhs.data();
     998             :   const value_type* const rhs_data = rhs.data();
     999             :   for (size_t c = 0; c < lhs.number_of_independent_components; ++c) {
    1000             :     for (size_t s = 0; s < lhs.number_of_grid_points(); ++s) {
    1001             :       // clang-tidy: do not use pointer arithmetic
    1002             :       lhs_data[c * lhs.number_of_grid_points() + s] /= rhs_data[s];  // NOLINT
    1003             :     }
    1004             :   }
    1005             :   return lhs;
    1006             : }
    1007             : 
    1008             : template <typename... Tags>
    1009           0 : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>> operator/(
    1010             :     const Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>& lhs,
    1011             :     const typename Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>::vector_type& rhs) {
    1012             :   auto result = lhs;
    1013             :   result /= rhs;
    1014             :   return result;
    1015             : }
    1016             : 
    1017             : template <typename... Tags, Requires<sizeof...(Tags) != 0> = nullptr>
    1018           0 : std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
    1019             :                          const Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>& d) {
    1020             :   size_t count = 0;
    1021             :   const auto helper = [&os, &d, &count](auto tag_v) {
    1022             :     count++;
    1023             :     using Tag = typename decltype(tag_v)::type;
    1024             :     os << db::tag_name<Tag>() << ":\n";
    1025             :     os << get<Tag>(d);
    1026             :     if (count < sizeof...(Tags)) {
    1027             :       os << "\n\n";
    1028             :     }
    1029             :   };
    1030             :   EXPAND_PACK_LEFT_TO_RIGHT(helper(tmpl::type_<Tags>{}));
    1031             :   return os;
    1032             : }
    1033             : 
    1034             : template <typename TagsList>
    1035           0 : bool operator!=(const Variables<TagsList>& lhs,
    1036             :                 const Variables<TagsList>& rhs) {
    1037             :   return not(lhs == rhs);
    1038             : }
    1039             : 
    1040             : template <typename... TagsLhs, typename... TagsRhs,
    1041             :           Requires<not std::is_same<tmpl::list<TagsLhs...>,
    1042             :                                     tmpl::list<TagsRhs...>>::value> = nullptr>
    1043           0 : void swap(Variables<tmpl::list<TagsLhs...>>& lhs,
    1044             :           Variables<tmpl::list<TagsRhs...>>& rhs) {
    1045             :   Variables<tmpl::list<TagsLhs...>> temp{std::move(lhs)};
    1046             :   lhs = std::move(rhs);
    1047             :   rhs = std::move(temp);
    1048             : }
    1049             : 
    1050             : /// \ingroup DataStructuresGroup
    1051             : /// Construct a variables from the `Tensor`s in a `TaggedTuple`.
    1052             : template <typename... Tags>
    1053           1 : Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>> variables_from_tagged_tuple(
    1054             :     const tuples::TaggedTuple<Tags...>& tuple) {
    1055             :   auto result = make_with_value<Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>>(
    1056             :       get<tmpl::front<tmpl::list<Tags...>>>(tuple), 0.0);
    1057             :   result.assign_subset(tuple);
    1058             :   return result;
    1059             : }
    1060             : 
    1061             : namespace MakeWithValueImpls {
    1062             : template <typename TagList>
    1063           0 : struct MakeWithSize<Variables<TagList>> {
    1064           0 :   static SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE Variables<TagList> apply(
    1065             :       const size_t size, const typename Variables<TagList>::value_type value) {
    1066             :     return Variables<TagList>(size, value);
    1067             :   }
    1068             : };
    1069             : 
    1070             : template <typename TagList>
    1071           0 : struct NumberOfPoints<Variables<TagList>> {
    1072           0 :   static SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE size_t apply(const Variables<TagList>& input) {
    1073             :     return input.number_of_grid_points();
    1074             :   }
    1075             : };
    1076             : }  // namespace MakeWithValueImpls
    1077             : 
    1078             : template <typename TagList>
    1079           0 : struct SetNumberOfGridPointsImpls::SetNumberOfGridPointsImpl<
    1080             :     Variables<TagList>> {
    1081           0 :   static constexpr bool is_trivial = false;
    1082           0 :   static SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE void apply(
    1083             :       const gsl::not_null<Variables<TagList>*> result, const size_t size) {
    1084             :     result->initialize(size);
    1085             :   }
    1086             : };
    1087             : 
    1088           1 : namespace EqualWithinRoundoffImpls {
    1089             : // It would be nice to use `blaze::equal` in these implementations, but it
    1090             : // doesn't currently allow to specify a tolerance. See upstream issue:
    1091             : // https://bitbucket.org/blaze-lib/blaze/issues/417/adjust-relaxed-equal-accuracy
    1092             : template <typename TagList, typename Floating>
    1093             : struct EqualWithinRoundoffImpl<Variables<TagList>, Floating,
    1094             :                                Requires<std::is_floating_point_v<Floating>>> {
    1095             :   static bool apply(const Variables<TagList>& lhs, const Floating& rhs,
    1096             :                     const double eps, const double scale) {
    1097             :     for (size_t i = 0; i < lhs.size(); ++i) {
    1098             :       if (not equal_within_roundoff(lhs.data()[i], rhs, eps, scale)) {
    1099             :         return false;
    1100             :       }
    1101             :     }
    1102             :     return true;
    1103             :   }
    1104             : };
    1105             : template <typename TagList, typename Floating>
    1106             : struct EqualWithinRoundoffImpl<Floating, Variables<TagList>,
    1107             :                                Requires<std::is_floating_point_v<Floating>>> {
    1108             :   static SPECTRE_ALWAYS_INLINE bool apply(const Floating& lhs,
    1109             :                                           const Variables<TagList>& rhs,
    1110             :                                           const double eps,
    1111             :                                           const double scale) {
    1112             :     return equal_within_roundoff(rhs, lhs, eps, scale);
    1113             :   }
    1114             : };
    1115             : template <typename LhsTagList, typename RhsTagList>
    1116           0 : struct EqualWithinRoundoffImpl<Variables<LhsTagList>, Variables<RhsTagList>> {
    1117           0 :   static bool apply(const Variables<LhsTagList>& lhs,
    1118             :                     const Variables<RhsTagList>& rhs, const double eps,
    1119             :                     const double scale) {
    1120             :     ASSERT(lhs.size() == rhs.size(),
    1121             :            "Can only compare two Variables of the same size, but lhs has size "
    1122             :                << lhs.size() << " and rhs has size " << rhs.size() << ".");
    1123             :     for (size_t i = 0; i < lhs.size(); ++i) {
    1124             :       if (not equal_within_roundoff(lhs.data()[i], rhs.data()[i], eps, scale)) {
    1125             :         return false;
    1126             :       }
    1127             :     }
    1128             :     return true;
    1129             :   }
    1130             : };
    1131             : }  // namespace EqualWithinRoundoffImpls
    1132             : 
    1133             : namespace db {
    1134             : // Enable subitems for ::Tags::Variables and derived tags (e.g. compute tags).
    1135             : // Other tags that hold a `Variables` don't expose the constituent tensors as
    1136             : // subitems by default.
    1137             : namespace Variables_detail {
    1138             : // Check if the argument is a `::Tags::Variables`, or derived from it. Can't use
    1139             : // `tt:is_a_v` because we also want to match derived classes. Can't use
    1140             : // `std::is_base_of` because `::Tags::Variables` is a template.
    1141             : template <typename TagsList>
    1142             : constexpr std::true_type is_a_variables_tag(::Tags::Variables<TagsList>&&) {
    1143             :   return {};
    1144             : }
    1145             : constexpr std::false_type is_a_variables_tag(...) { return {}; }
    1146             : template <typename Tag>
    1147             : static constexpr bool is_a_variables_tag_v =
    1148             :     decltype(is_a_variables_tag(std::declval<Tag>()))::value;
    1149             : }  // namespace Variables_detail
    1150             : template <typename Tag>
    1151             : struct Subitems<Tag, Requires<Variables_detail::is_a_variables_tag_v<Tag>>> {
    1152             :   using type = typename Tag::type::tags_list;
    1153             : 
    1154             :   template <typename Subtag, typename LocalTag = Tag>
    1155             :   static void create_item(
    1156             :       const gsl::not_null<typename LocalTag::type*> parent_value,
    1157             :       const gsl::not_null<typename Subtag::type*> sub_value) {
    1158             :     auto& vars = get<Subtag>(*parent_value);
    1159             :     // Only update the Tensor if the Variables has changed its allocation
    1160             :     if constexpr (not is_any_spin_weighted_v<typename Subtag::type::type>) {
    1161             :       if (vars.begin()->data() != sub_value->begin()->data()) {
    1162             :         for (auto vars_it = vars.begin(), sub_var_it = sub_value->begin();
    1163             :              vars_it != vars.end(); ++vars_it, ++sub_var_it) {
    1164             :           sub_var_it->set_data_ref(make_not_null(&*vars_it));
    1165             :         }
    1166             :       }
    1167             :     } else {
    1168             :       if (vars.begin()->data().data() != sub_value->begin()->data().data()) {
    1169             :         for (auto vars_it = vars.begin(), sub_var_it = sub_value->begin();
    1170             :              vars_it != vars.end(); ++vars_it, ++sub_var_it) {
    1171             :           sub_var_it->set_data_ref(make_not_null(&*vars_it));
    1172             :         }
    1173             :       }
    1174             :     }
    1175             :   }
    1176             : 
    1177             :   template <typename Subtag>
    1178             :   static const typename Subtag::type& create_compute_item(
    1179             :       const typename Tag::type& parent_value) {
    1180             :     return get<Subtag>(parent_value);
    1181             :   }
    1182             : };
    1183             : }  // namespace db
    1184             : 
    1185             : namespace Variables_detail {
    1186             : template <typename Tags>
    1187             : using MathWrapperVectorType = tmpl::conditional_t<
    1188             :     std::is_same_v<typename Variables<Tags>::value_type, double>, DataVector,
    1189             :     ComplexDataVector>;
    1190             : }  // namespace Variables_detail
    1191             : 
    1192             : template <typename Tags>
    1193           0 : auto make_math_wrapper(const gsl::not_null<Variables<Tags>*> data) {
    1194             :   using Vector = Variables_detail::MathWrapperVectorType<Tags>;
    1195             :   Vector referencing(data->data(), data->size());
    1196             :   return make_math_wrapper(&referencing);
    1197             : }
    1198             : 
    1199             : template <typename Tags>
    1200           0 : auto make_math_wrapper(const Variables<Tags>& data) {
    1201             :   using Vector = Variables_detail::MathWrapperVectorType<Tags>;
    1202             :   const Vector referencing(
    1203             :       const_cast<typename Vector::value_type*>(data.data()), data.size());
    1204             :   return make_math_wrapper(referencing);
    1205             : }
    1206             : 
    1207             : /// \cond
    1208             : template <size_t I, class... Tags>
    1209             : inline constexpr typename tmpl::at_c<tmpl::list<Tags...>, I>::type&& get(
    1210             :     Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>&& t) {
    1211             :   return get<tmpl::at_c<tmpl::list<Tags...>, I>>(t);
    1212             : }
    1213             : 
    1214             : template <size_t I, class... Tags>
    1215             : inline constexpr const typename tmpl::at_c<tmpl::list<Tags...>, I>::type& get(
    1216             :     const Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>& t) {
    1217             :   return get<tmpl::at_c<tmpl::list<Tags...>, I>>(t);
    1218             : }
    1219             : 
    1220             : template <size_t I, class... Tags>
    1221             : inline constexpr typename tmpl::at_c<tmpl::list<Tags...>, I>::type& get(
    1222             :     Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>& t) {
    1223             :   return get<tmpl::at_c<tmpl::list<Tags...>, I>>(t);
    1224             : }
    1225             : /// \endcond
    1226             : 
    1227             : namespace std {
    1228             : template <typename... Tags>
    1229             : struct tuple_size<Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>>
    1230             :     : std::integral_constant<int, sizeof...(Tags)> {};
    1231             : template <size_t I, typename... Tags>
    1232             : struct tuple_element<I, Variables<tmpl::list<Tags...>>> {
    1233             :   using type = typename tmpl::at_c<tmpl::list<Tags...>, I>::type;
    1234             : };
    1235             : }  // namespace std
    1236             : 
    1237             : template <typename TagsList>
    1238           0 : bool contains_allocations(const Variables<TagsList>& value) {
    1239             :   return value.number_of_grid_points() > 1;
    1240             : }
    1241             : 
    1242           0 : inline bool contains_allocations(const Variables<tmpl::list<>>& /*value*/) {
    1243             :   return false;
    1244             : }

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